Dutch
What is the circular economy?
1
 
What are the benefits?
2
 
What are the examples?
3
 
What are businesses doing?
4
 
What is the government doing?
5
 
How does finance work?
6
 
What does education do?
7
 
How do we make the economic sectors circular?
8
 
Explanation Literature list
KNOWLEDGE MAP Back to overview
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Circular Economy

What policies are still necessary?

With additional and sometimes different policies, the Dutch government can promote the transition to the circular economy even better. For example, definitions of waste and raw materials in legislation and regulations have become outdated. In addition, policy measures still focus mainly on recycling and traditional partnerships, and a tax shift from labour to raw materials has not yet been achieved. In addition to the national level, it is important that the Dutch and European governments continue to manifest themselves internationally for the circular economy. Worldwide, the amount of mined raw materials is still increasing every year.

National level

Implementation of laws and regulations hinders circularity

In October 2019, the Task Force Waste Review published its report on regulatory and legislative barriers to the circular economy. The most important observation made by the Task Force was that the obstacles are not so much found in legislation and regulations, but for the most part in their implementation. Rules are often not interpreted in the same way; experimenting with new production processes is sometimes difficult. The Task Force sees that as a result initiatives remain small-scale, while the step must now be taken towards more and more extensive innovative processes (Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, 2019).

The Task Force Waste Review was set up by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management to advise the government on obstacles to circularity in waste legislation and regulations. These laws and regulations originated in the 1970s, when waste became a problem. At the time, the starting point was a linear idea, whereby a product would become a waste. Hence the waste legislation and regulations clash with circular ambitions. The findings of the Task Force have been incorporated in this diagram and worked out in detail in the final report (both in Dutch):

Recommendations of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

The Integrated Circular Economy Report 2021 (ICER) is a biennial report that provides insight into the progress of the Netherlands towards the goal of a fully circular economy by 2050, including its environmental and socio-economic effects. The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency drafted the ICER in collaboration with various knowledge institutions.

Opportunities and Challenges

The use of raw materials in the Netherlands has become more efficient, but the total amount used has hardly changed since 2010. The supply risks in the Dutch manufacturing industry increased due to the dependence on rare earth metals, such as cobalt, tungsten and tin. The scarcity of these materials has consequences for the energy transition, because these materials are essential for electrical systems. The international footprint of the Netherlands is also relatively large, because the Netherlands import many raw materials that have a large footprint elsewhere in the world. Finally, The Netherlands are lagging behind with the performance in waste and it seems that the Netherlands will not achieve 6 of the 7 national waste targets without additional policy.

 

While the Netherlands is a leader in Europe in the field of recycling, the challenge for the Netherlands is to keep these flows of high quality. The number of courses on the circular economy has also increased in the Netherlands. Almost half of the higher professional education institutions and 80 percent of the universities devote attention to this in their curriculum (RVO 2021).

The ICER has established that in terms of government policy a basis has been laid for the Circular Economy, but in addition to setting the agenda, stimulating and creating support, more powerful, possibly compelling instruments are needed, and a widely supported vision of the desired direction that has been elaborated into concrete goals. These goals can be combined with more actions aimed at the higher R strategies, such as refuse, rethink & reduce.

Policy recommendations

The ICER makes the following recommendations to intensify the Circular Economy government policy:

  1. Make sure that environmental damage is included in the prices of products and services. At the moment, for example, polluting new plastic is cheaper than circular alternatives.
  2. Make more use of ‘compulsion and coercion’ in policy, such as mandatory levies, more legislation and standards. At present, the vast majority of initiatives are still without obligation.
  3. Increase the circularity requirements in procurement and tendering by the government step by step, also in the context of producer responsibility.
  4. Develop a detailed vision of the circular economy that is widely supported by social organizations, and flesh it out into concrete goals.
  5. Ensure a clear division of roles between the implementing parties, for example between different sectors.

More information?

You can download and view the complete Integrated Circular Economy Report here (in Dutch).

International Level

Circle Economy calculated for their report The Circularity Gap Report that by 2019 only 9.1% of the world’s raw materials will be fully recycled. In 2018, this was still 9.5%. Internationally, the world is moving away from a circular economy. The researchers formulated four recommendations to reverse this trend. Three of these recommendations are relevant here:

  1. Develop decision criteria and a measurement framework. This will stimulate the setting of objectives, evaluations and peer review.
  2. Make international knowledge transfer easier. This will accelerate the international dissemination of effective policies.
  3. Build a global coalition for action that is both diverse and inclusive. This coalition will increase the capacity of frontrunners.

Go to this question

About the Knowledge Map Circular Economy

The aim of this Knowledge Map Circular Economy is to present an overview of the present-day knowledge on circular economy issues. In this knowledge map, publications up to January 2020 have been included. Per question, a short summary is provided, with more comprehensive answers below. These answers are a factual representation of the original source. Direct access to the publications is provided via the clickable literature list.

The knowledge map is a product of the Dutch accelerator Versnellingshuis Nederland circulair!

Literature list

ABN AMRO, 2015

ABN AMRO. (2015). Circular Economy Guide – Wegwijzer Circulair Ondernemen. Retrieved from https://www.abnamro.com/nl/images/Documents/040_Duurzaamheid/Publications/ABN_AMRO_Circular_Economy_Guide.pdf

Accenture, 2014

Accenture. (2014). Circular Advantage: Innovative business models and technologies to create value in a world without limits to growth.

Achterberg, Hinfelaar, & Bocken. 2016

Achterberg, E., Hinfelaar, J., & Bocken, N. (2016). Master Circular Business with the Value Hill, 1–16.

Aldersgate Group, 2012

Aldersgate Group. (2012). Resilience in the Round: Seizing the growth opportunities of a circular economy.

Allwood, 2014

Allwood, J. M. (2014). Squaring the Circular Economy: the role of recycling within a hierarchy of Material Management Strategies. In Handbook of Recycling (pp. 445–477). Elsevier.

Andersen, 2006

Andersen, M. S. (2006). An introductory note on the environmental economics of the circular economy. Sustainability Science, 2(1), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-006-0013-6

Appelepap, A. (2016), De cirkel is round

Lorem ipsum

Auping, 2019

Auping. (2019). Auping wint circular award business 2019.

Bakker, den Hollander, van Hinte, & Zijlstra. 2014

Bakker, C. A., den Hollander, M. C., van Hinte, E., & Zijlstra, Y. (2014). Products that last- Product design for circular business models. Delft: TU Delft Library.

Bastein, Roelofs, Rietveld, & Hoogendoorn. 2013

Bastein, T., Roelofs, E., Rietveld, E., & Hoogendoorn, A. (2013). Kansen voor de circulaire economie in Nederland. TNO

BMA ergonomics, 2019

BMA ergonomics. (2019). Circulaire bureaustoelen.

Bocken, Bakker & De Pauw, 2015

Bocken, N. M. P., Bakker, C., & Pauw, I. De. (2015). Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy. In Sustainable Design & Manufacturing Conference, 12-14 April. Seville, Spain.

Bocken, Short, Rana & Evans. 2014

Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 42–56.

Boons, Montalvo, Quist, & Wagner, 2013

Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., & Wagner, M. (2013). Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, 1–8.

Braungart, McDonough & Bollinger, 2007

Braungart, M., McDonough, W., & Bollinger, A. (2007). Cradle-to-cradle design: creating healthy emissions – a strategy for eco-effective product and system design. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(13–14), 1337–1348.

Casado-Vara et al., 2018

Casado-Vara et al. (2018). How blockchain improves the supply chain: case study alimentary supply chain.

CBS, 2013

CBS. (2013). Monitor materiaalstromen.

CBS, 2019

CBS, 2019. Materiaalmonitor 2016 – Technische toelichting

Circle Economy & Sustainable Finance Lab, 2016

Circle Economy & Sustainable Finance Lab. (2016). Master circular business with the value hill.

Circle Economy, 2018a

Circle Economy, PGGM, KPMG, EBRD, & WBCSD. (2018a). Linear Risks.

Circle Economy, 2019

Circle Economy. (2019). The Circularity Gap Report 2019

City of Amsterdam, 2014

City of Amsterdam. (2014). Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Retrieved from www.amsterdam.nl/duurzaam

CIWM, 2014

CIWM. (2014). The Circular Economy : what does it mean for the waste and resource management sector? Retrieved from http://www.ciwm-journal.co.uk/downloads/CIWM_Circular_Economy_Report-FULL_FINAL_Oct_2014.pdf

Clavreul, Butnar, Rubio & King, 2017

Clavreul, Butnar, Rubio & King (2017) Intra- and inter-year variability of agricultural carbon footprints – A case study on field-grown tomatoes.

Copper 8, 2018

Copper 8. (2018). Circulair-Inkopen-in-8-stappen.

DEFRA, 2012

DEFRA. (2012). Resource Security Action Plan : Making the most of valuable materials.

Ellen Macarthur Foundation, 2013a

Ellen Macarthur Foundation. (2013). Towards the Circular Economy: Economic and buisiness rationale for an accelerated transition.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2014

Ellen Macarthur Foundation. (2014). Towards the Circular Economy: Accelerating the scale-up accross global supply chains.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015a

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2015). Towards a circular economy: Business rationale for an accelerated transitions

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015b

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2015b). Growth within: a circular economy vision for a competitive Europe.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015c

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2015). Delivering the Circular Economy: A Toolkit for Policymakers.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2016

Ellen Macarthur Foundation. (2016). Intelligent Assets: Unlocking the Circular Economy Potential.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2018). Scotland: Making Things Last – A Circular Economy Strategy.

Ellen MacArtur Foundation, 2011

Ellen MacArtur Foundation. (2011) Re-thinking Progress: The Circular Economy.

ESA, 2012

ESA. (2013). Going for growth: A pratical route to a circular economy. Retrieved from http://www.esauk.org/esa_reports/Circular_Economy_Report_FINAL_High_Res_For_Release.pdf

European Commission, 2014

European Commission. (2014). Scoping study to identify potential circular economy actions , priority sectors, material flows and value chains. European Commission. https://doi.org/10.2779/29525

 

European Commission, 2016

European Comission. (2016). Closing the loop New circular economy package. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/index_en.htm

European Commission, 2018a

Europese Commissie. (2018a) Report on critical raw materials and the circular economy.

European Commission, 2019

Europese Commissie. (2019). Implementation of the Circular Economy Action Plan.

European Commission, 2019

Europese Commissie. (2019a). Naar een circulaire economie.

Genovese et al., 2017

Genovese, A., Acquaye, A. A., Figueroa, A., Koh, S.C. L., Sustainable supply chain management and the transition towards a circular economy: Evidence and some applications, Omega, Volume 66, Part B, 2017, Pages 344-357

Green Deal, 2018

Green Deal. (2018). Ruim € 100 miljoen aan circulaire inkoopkracht in nieuwe Green Deal Circulair Inkopen.

Groothuis. 2014

Groothuis, F. (2014). New Era. New Plan. Fiscal Reforms For An Inclusive, Circular Economy. Case Study the Netherlands. Austerlitz. Retrieved from http://www.ex-tax.com/files/4314/1693/7138/The_Extax_Project_New_Era_New_Plan_report.pdf

Haas, Krausmann, Wiedenhofer, & Heinz. 2015

Haas, W., Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D., & Heinz, M. (2015). How Circular is the Global Economy?: An Assessment of Material Flows, Waste Production, and Recycling in the European Union and the World in 2005. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 0(0), n/a-n/a.

Het Groen Brein et al., 2017

Het Groene Brein, P+ People Planet Profit & Duurzaam Door. (2017). Barrières doorbreken.

Het Groene Brein, 2019

Het Groene Brein. (2019). Versnellingshuis Nederland circulair! gelanceerd

Iles, 2018

Iles, J. (2018). Which country is leading the circular economy shift?

ING Economics Department, 2015

ING Economics department. (2015). Rethinking finance in a circular economy. Retrieved from https://www.ing.nl/media/ING_EZB_Financing-the-Circular-Economy_tcm162-84762.pdf

Jackson, 2011

Jackson, T. (2011). Prosperity Without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet.

Jonker & Dentchev, 2013

Jonker, J., & Dentchev, N. (2013). Business Modeling for Sustainability: Identifying five modeling principles and demonstrating their role and function in an explorative case study. In Proceedings for the 8th Europen Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship: ECIE 2013. (pp. 340–346). Academic Conferences Limited.

 

Jonker, Tap, van Straaten. (2012)

Jonker, J., Tap, M., & Straaten, T. van. (2012). Nieuwe Business Modellen: E en exploratief onderzoek naar veranderende transacties die meervoudige waarde creëren (Duurzaam Organiseren). Nijmegen. Retrieved from http://www.degroenezaak.com/upload/documents/WP Nieuwe Business Modellen Jan Jonker e.a.pdf

Jordans, 2016
Jordans. (2016). Building a Collaborative Advantage within a Circular Economy: Inter-Organisational Resources and Capabilities of a Circular Value Chain.
Joyce, Paquin, & Pigneur, 2015

Joyce, Paquin, & Pigneur. (2015). The triple layered business model canvas: a tool to design more sustainable business models.

Kirchherr, Reike & Hekkert. 2017

Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. (2017). Resources , Conservation & Recycling Conceptualizing the circular economy : An analysis of 114 definitions, 127(April), 221–232. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005

Kjaer, Pigosso, Niero, Bech & McAloone, 2019

Kjaer, L., Pigosso, D., Niero, M., Bech, N., & McAloone, T. (2019). Product/Service-Systems for a Circular Economy: The Route to Decoupling Economic Growth from Resource Consumption? Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(1), 22-35.

Kok, Wurpel, & Ten Wolde. 2013

Kok, L., Wurpel, G., & Wolde, A. Ten. (2013). Unleashing the Power of the Circular Economy. Report by IMSA Amsterdam for Circle Economy. Retrieved from http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Unleashing+the+Power+of+the+Circular+Economy#2

Kok, Wurpel, & Ten Wolde. 2013

Kok., L., Wurpel, G. & Ten Wolde, A. (2013). Unleashing the Power of the Circular Economy. Report by IMSA Amsterdam for Circle Economy. Retrieved from http://mvonederland.nl/system/files/media/unleashing_the_power_of_the_circular_economy-circle_economy.pdf

Korhonen, Honkasalo, & Seppälä, 2018

Korhonen, J., Honkasalo, A., & Seppälä, J. (2018). Circular Economy: The Concept and its Limitations. Ecological Economics, 143, 37-46.

Korhonen, Nuur, Feldmann & Birkie, 2018

Korhonen, J., Nuur, C., Feldmann, A., & Birkie, S. (2018). Circular economy as an essentially contested concept. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 544-552.

Kraaijenhagen, Van Oppen & Bocken. 2016

Kraaijenhagen, C., Van Oppen, C., & Bocken, N. (2016). Circular Business – Collaborate and Circulate. (C. Bernasco & L. Goodchild-Van Hilten, Eds.) (1st ed.).

Lee, Preston et. al, 2012

Lee, B., Preston, F., Kooroshy, J., Bailey, R., Lahn, G., Asia, N., & Asia, S. (2012). Resources Futures, 249.

Leren voor Morgen, 2018

Leren voor Morgen. (2018). Curriculum.nu: Feedbackronde 3.

LogiCE platform, 2019

LogiCE platform. (2019). Logistiek in een circulaire economie.

Lüdeke-freund, 2009

Lüdeke-freund, F. (2009). Business Model Concepts in Corporate Sustainability Contexts: From Rhetoric to a Generic Template for’Business Models for Sustainability’. Centre for Sustainability

Manu, Ankrah, Hammond, Wood,Baffour-Awuah, & Hingorani. (2014).

Manu, E., Ankrah, N. A., Hammond, F., Wood, P., Baffour-Awuah, K., & Hingorani, N. (2014). The Valuation Tool User Guide: Monetizing Cradle to Cradle. C2C Bizz.

Mentink & Houben, 2014

Mentink, B., & Houben, T. (2014). Haalbaarheid Grondstoffenlabel.

Mentink, 2014

Mentink, B. (2014). Circular business Model Innovation. Technical University Delft.

Mentink, 2014

Mentink, B. (2014). Circular business Model Innovation. Technical University Delft.

Milgro, 2019

Milgro. (2019). Onderweg naar Zero Waste met Royal FloraHolland.

Ministerie van Economische Zaken. 2005

Ministerie van Economische Zaken. (2005). Overheid als launching customer: Van best practice naar common practice.

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, 2019

Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2019). Toekomstgericht curriculum.

Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, 2018

Ministerie voor Infrastructuur en Waterstaat. (2018). Kamerbrief met kabinetsreactie op de transitieagenda’s circulaire economie.

Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, 2018

Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat. (2018). Unie van Waterschappen.

MVO Nederland, 2014

MVO Nederland. (2014). Wegwijzer Circulair inkopen. Retrieved from http://mvonederland.nl/wegwijzer-circulair-inkopen-0#tab=pane-title-step-1

Nasir et al., 2017

Nasir, M.H.A., Genovese, A., Acquaye, A.A., Koh, S.C.L., Yamoah, F., Comparing linear and circular supply chains: A case study from the construction industry, International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 183, Part B, 2017, Pages 443-457.

Nederland Circulair, 2018

Nederland Circulair. (2018). Circular Awards 2018.

Nederland Circulair!

Nederland Circulair! (2015). Circulair Ondernemen? – 50 best practices. Retrieved from http://www.circulairondernemen.nl/uploads/54fdaa8651648c119b1eeddd5a8aa82c.pdf

OPAi, & MVO Nederland, 2004

OPAi, & MVO Nederland. (2004). Ondernemen in de circulaire economie “nieuwe verdienmodellen voor bedrijven en ondernemers.”

Osterwalder, Pigneur, & Tucci. 2005

Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. . (2005). Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept. Communications of the …, 15(May). Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3016&context=cais

Padding, Croon, Haastrecht, & Dijkstra, 2015

Padding, T., Croon, G., Haastrecht, D. Van, & Dijkstra, R. (2015). Een kader voor circulair inkopen. Retrieved from https://www.pianoo.nl/sites/default/files/documents/documents/kadercirculairinkopen-20april2015.pdf

País Circular, 2019

Pais Circular. (2019). Agenda 2030.

PBL, 2014

PBL. Share of raw material costs in total production costs, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2014).

PBL, 2017

PBL. (2017). Fiscale vergroening: belastingverschuiving van arbeid naar grondstoffen, materialen en afval.

PBL, 2018a

PBL. (2018a). Circulaire economie: wat we willen weten en kunnen meten.

PBL, 2018b

PBL. (2018b). Using planetary boundaries to support national implementation of environment-related sustainable development goals.

PBL, 2019a

PBL. (2019a). Opportunities for a circular economy.

PBL, 2019b

PBL. (2019b). Circulaire economie in kaart.

Peelpioneers, 2019

Peelpioneers. (2019). About the company. Website.

Philips, 2019

Philips. (2019). Refurbishing solutions for MRI systems.

PianOo, 2012

PianOo. (2012). Cradle to Cradle inkopen? Hoe doe je dat in de praktijk? Leerresultaten van een groep inkopers.

PIANOo, 2016

PIANOo. (2016). Het inkoopvolume van de Nederlandse overheid.

PIANOo, 2018

PIANOo. (2018). Circulair inkopen in 8 stappen.

Pianoo, 2019

Pianoo. (2019). De overheid als launching customer.

Plan C, 2013

Plan C (2013), Business Model Innovation Grid, http://www.plan-c.eu/bmix/

Plan C, 2014

Plan C. (2014). Business Model Innovation Grid. Retrieved November 28, 2016, from http://www.plan-c.eu/bmix/

Plastic Pact, 2019

Plastic Pact. (2019). Plastic Pact NL koplopers gaan voor meer met minder plastic in de circulaire economie.

Plastic Soup Foundation, 2019

Plastic Soup Foundation. (2019). Wat is de plastic soep. Website.

Poppelaars, 2014

Poppelaars, F. (2014). Designing for a circular Economy: The conceptual design of a circular mobile device. Schmidt MacArthur fellowship.

Port of Rotterdam & Rabobank (2012)

Port of Rotterdam & Rabobank (2012), Pathways to a circular economy.

Preston, 2012

Preston, F. (2012). briefing paper A Global Redesign ? Shaping the Circular Economy. Retrieved from https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Energy, Environment and Development/bp0312_preston.pdf

Renswoude, van , Wolde, ten & Joustra. 2015.

Renswoude K. van , Wolde, A. ten, & Joustra, D. J. (2015). Circular Business Models.

Rijksoverheid (2014b)

Van Afval Naar Grondstof

Rijksoverheid, 2014

Rijksoverheid. (2014). Van Afval Naar Grondstof – Uitwerking van acht operationele doelstellingen. Retrieved from https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/rapporten/2014/01/28/van-afval-naar-grondstof-uitwerking-van-acht-operationele-doelstellingen

Rijksoverheid, 2014c

Rijksoverheid. (2014c). Green deal Circulair Inkopen. Retrieved from http://www.greendeals.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/GD159-inspiratiekaart-Circulair-Inkopen.pdf

Rijksoverheid, 2019

Rijksoverheid. (2019). Ruimte in Regels.

Rizos, Behrens, Kafyeke, Hirschnitz-Garbers, & Joannou. 2015

Rizos, V., Behrens, A., Kafyeke, T., Hirschnitz-garbers, M., & Ioannou, A. (2015). The Circular Economy : Barriers and Opportunities for SMEs, Centre for European Policy Studies.

Romero-Hernández & Romero, 2018

Romero-Hernández & Romero (2018) Maximizing the value of waste: From waste management to the circular economy.

Rood & Hanemaaijer, 2017

Rood, T. & Hanemaaijer, A. (2017). Waarom een circulaire economie?

Rood, & Hanemaaijer. 2014

Rood, T., & Hanemaaijer, A. (2014). Reflectie op Van Afval Naar Grondstof ( VANG ).

RSA, 2013

RSA. (2013). Investigating the role of design in the circular economy. Retrieved from http://www.greatrecovery.org.uk/resources/the-great-recovery-report/

RVO (2014)

INTERREG

RVO, 2016

RVO. (2016). Factsheet Eurostars-2. Retrieved from https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2016/01/Factsheet Eurostars.pdf

RWM, 2014

RWM. (2014). EVER-DECREASING CIRCLES: closing in on the circle economy. Retrieved from http://www.rwmexhibition.com/files/rwm14_ambassadors_doc.pdf

Sitra, 2018

Sitra. (2018). The circular economy – a powerful force for climate mitigation.

Sociaal-economische Raad (SER), 2016

Sociaal-economische Raad (SER). (2016). Werken aan een circulaire economie : geen tijd te verliezen. Retrieved from https://www.ser.nl/~/media/db_adviezen/2010_2019/2016/circulaire-economie.ashx

Stahel, 2010

Stahel, W. (2010). The Performance Economy (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/view/10.1057/9780230274907

Stockholm Resilience Center, 2010

Stockholm Resilience Center. (2010). What is resilience? What Is Resilience? An Introduction to Social-Ecological Research, 1–20.

Supply Value, 2016

Supply Value. (2016). Afval bestaat niet! – Een onderzoek naar de knelpunten en succesfactoren bij het toepassen van circulair inkopen in de praktijk.

Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences, 2014

Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences. (2014). Circular Economy: Improving the Management of Natural Resources. Retrieved from http://www.satw.ch/publikationen/schriften/kreislaufwirtschaft/a__circulareconomy_with_references_EN.pdf

SYKE, 2018

SYKE, (2018). A future the planet can accommodate.

Teece, 2010

Teece, D. J. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning, 43(2–3), 172–194.

The Terrace, 2011

The Terrace. (2011). Cradle to cradle Loont! Chart. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849772709

Themakring Cradle-to-cradle

Themakring Cradle-to-cradle,  (2012). Cradle to Cradle inkopen? Hoe doe je dat in de praktijk? Leerresultaten van een groep inkopers. PianOo

UNEP, 2006

UNEP. (2006). Circular Economy. An alternative model for economic development., 7. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/chinese/documents/final_circulareconomy_wholedoc.pdf

UNEP, 2011

UNEP. (2011). Decoupling Natural Resource Use and Environmental Impacts from Economic Growth. International Resource Panel.

UNEP, 2017

UNEP. (2017). Resource Efficiency: Potential and Economic Implications. 

Van Eijk, 2015

Van Eijk, F. (2015). Barriers & Drivers towards a Circular Economy.

Van Veldhoven, 2018

Van Veldhoven. (2018). Kamerbrief met kabinetsreactie op de transitieagenda’s circulaire economie.

Vanderlande, 2019

Vanderlande. (2019). Sofas showcase circular opportunities.

VANG, 2016

VANG (2016). Voortgangsrapportage van afval naar Grondstof.

Vermeulen, W. J. V, Witjes, & Reike, (2014)

Vermeulen, W. J. V, Witjes, I. S., & Reike, D. (2014). Advies over een Raamwerk voor Impactmeting voor Circulair Inkopen, (SEPTEMBER 2014), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2270.2086

Vermunt, 2019

Vermunt, (2019). Exploring barriers to implementing different circular business models.

VNO-NCW, 2019

VNO-NCW. (2019) Versnellingshuis laat circulaire economie vliegen.

Walmart, 2017

Walmart. (2017). Toward a zero waste future.

Wastelab, 2019

Wastelab, (2019). Verspillingsfabriek.

Waternet, 2019

Waternet. (2019). Hergebruik grondstoffen.

Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe (2018)

Waterschap Vallei en Veluwe. (2018). Beleidskader Circulaire Economie.

WBCSD, 2011

WBCSD. (2011). Collaboration, innovation, transformation: Ideas and inspiration to accelerate sustainable growth – A value chain approach.

WE Forum, 2017

WE Forum. (2017) Towards the Circular Economy: Accelerating the scale-up across global supply chains.

Working Group Finance, 2016

Working Group FinanCE. (2016). Money makes the World Go Round: and wil it help to make the economy circular as well? Retrieved from https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/ce100/FinanCE.pdf

Working Group FinanCE. 2016

Working Group FinanCE. (2016). Money makes the World Go Round: and wil it help to make the economy circular as well? Retrieved from http://sustainablefinancelab.nl/files/2016/04/FinanCE-Digital.pdf

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