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Circular Logistics & Value Chains
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Circular Design
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Circular Procurement
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Circular Economy
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Circular Initiatives
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Circular Business Models
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Circular Policies
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Circular Financing
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Justice in the Circular Economy
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Explanation Literature list
KNOWLEDGE MAP Back to overview
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Circular Economy

What is justice (in the context of the circular economy)?

Circular justice defined

Circular justice is a term that can have different interpretations, which is why it is important to set a clear definition. The concept of circular justice can be defined as follows: fully recognizing all communities and non-human actors affected by the move to a circular economy (including the knowledge they have), involving especially marginalized communities in relevant decision-making processes, and equitably distributing the benefits and drawbacks of the move to a circular economy. (Kirchherr & Fricker)

This definition can be broken into several parts that clarify the concept. According to Kirchherr (2021), a researcher at the Copernicus Institute, the concept of circular justice includes three types of justice: recognition justice, procedural justice, and distributive justice. The concept of epistemic justice can also be added. This is set to ensure that all knowledge in society is included in the transition to a circular society and ecological environmental justice and to also treat non-human actors fairly.

 

Distributive justice (Kirchherr 2021 & Jenkins 2016)

Distributive justice revolves around the equal distribution of the burdens and benefits that a transition to the circular economy entails. The costs that the transition may entail must be distributed fairly, but circular products and circular forms of employment must also be accessible to all. The goal is to ensure a balanced distribution of benefits and disadvantages, giving everyone equal opportunities and promoting a sense of fairness.

 

Procedural justice (Kirchherr 2021 & Jenkins 2016)

Procedural justice is about fairly involving everyone within a community in making decisions around the transition to the circular economy. If everyone can have a say in the decisions being made, and if they are also given access to the knowledge used in these decisions, the transition will be found to be more equitable than if people are not given this opportunity. Here, it is not enough to involve people only by having them vote on certain measures afterwards, for example. Instead, people must be given the chance to contribute content to these measures beforehand.

 

Recognition justice (Kirchherr 2021 & Jenkins 2016)

Recognition justice revolves around the idea that different groups within society affected by the circular transition are all fully recognized. Systemic exclusion (intentionally or unintentionally) based on the cultural, social, ethnic, racial, etc. identity of certain groups of people must be avoided in the transition to a circular society. A lack of recognition for people with a particular intersection of identity(ies) may prevent the circular transition from reaching these people properly and cause groups to oppose the transition.

 

Epistemic justice (Fricker 2007)

Epistemic justice, also known as experiential justice, means that all forms of knowledge and experience are taken seriously, regardless of one’s social position or status. It recognizes that everyone has valuable insights and seeks equal recognition and integration of this knowledge into decision-making processes. This ensures that not only knowledge from, for example, academics, scientists, or “experts” is seen as correct, but also knowledge in the populations that the circular transition will impact. In essence, it is about valuing and leveraging diverse perspectives and experiences to achieve equitable and inclusive outcomes.

(Figure from future research Social Circular by Province of South Holland)

 

Ecological environmental justice (Bal & Stok 2022)

Ecological environmental justice involves extending the concept of justice to nature and non-human species (e.g., the animal kingdom). By extending justice beyond the human species, as in intergenerational environmental justice, entities that do not normally have a voice in the environmental debate are included in people’s considerations of justice.

 

Example

What do these justices look like within a company?

A company focused on circular t-shirts may integrate all of these forms of justice. Distributive justice, for example, plays a role in fairly distributing the benefits of circular practices, such as fair working conditions, wages and accessibility of circular T-shirts to consumers from diverse socioeconomic and cultural groups. This ensures that the benefits of circularity are fairly distributed to all stakeholders. Procedural justice can be ensured through transparent and inclusive discussions where stakeholders such as workers, suppliers and community representatives can voice their concerns and perspectives before strategic decisions are made. In recognition justice, it is important to involve all parties such as employees, suppliers and consumers who wish to purchase the T-shirts, both within the Netherlands as well as when materials are produced in possibly other countries. Epistemic justice values the expertise of internal stakeholders as well as employees and external experts in the field of circular textile production. By collaborating with academics, researchers and also indigenous communities, for example, in developing sustainable textile materials and production, legitimate innovation is encouraged. Ecological environmental justice is essential for a company that produces circular T-shirts, taking measures to minimize ecological impact by using biodegradable materials and energy-efficient production methods.

By embedding these various forms of justice into the business model of circular T-shirt production, the company can promote a fair and sustainable transition to circularity, with consideration for all stakeholders and minimal impact on people and the environment.

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About the Knowledge Map Circular Economy

The aim of this Knowledge Map Circular Economy is to present an overview of the present-day knowledge on circular economy issues. In this knowledge map, publications up to January 2020 have been included. Per question, a short summary is provided, with more comprehensive answers below. These answers are a factual representation of the original source. Direct access to the publications is provided via the clickable literature list.

The knowledge map is a product of the Dutch accelerator Versnellingshuis Nederland circulair!

Literature list

Accenture, 2014

Accenture. (2014). Circular Advantage: Innovative business models and technologies to create value in a world without limits to growth.

Achterberg, Hinfelaar, & Bocken. 2016

Achterberg, E., Hinfelaar, J., & Bocken, N. (2016). Master Circular Business with the Value Hill, 1–16.

Aldersgate Group, 2012

Aldersgate Group. (2012). Resilience in the Round: Seizing the growth opportunities of a circular economy.

Andersen, 2006

Andersen, M. S. (2006). An introductory note on the environmental economics of the circular economy. Sustainability Science, 2(1), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-006-0013-6

Appelepap, A. (2016), De cirkel is round

Lorem ipsum

Bakker, den Hollander, van Hinte, & Zijlstra. 2014

Bakker, C. A., den Hollander, M. C., van Hinte, E., & Zijlstra, Y. (2014). Products that last- Product design for circular business models. Delft: TU Delft Library.

Bastein, Roelofs, Rietveld, & Hoogendoorn. 2013

Bastein, T., Roelofs, E., Rietveld, E., & Hoogendoorn, A. (2013). Kansen voor de circulaire economie in Nederland. TNO

Bocken, Bakker & De Pauw, 2015

Bocken, N. M. P., Bakker, C., & Pauw, I. De. (2015). Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy. In Sustainable Design & Manufacturing Conference, 12-14 April. Seville, Spain.

Bocken, Short, Rana & Evans. 2014

Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 42–56.

Boons, Montalvo, Quist, & Wagner, 2013

Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., & Wagner, M. (2013). Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 45, 1–8.

Braungart, McDonough & Bollinger, 2007

Braungart, M., McDonough, W., & Bollinger, A. (2007). Cradle-to-cradle design: creating healthy emissions – a strategy for eco-effective product and system design. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(13–14), 1337–1348.

Casado-Vara et al., 2018

Casado-Vara et al. (2018). How blockchain improves the supply chain: case study alimentary supply chain.

Circle Economy & Sustainable Finance Lab, 2016

Circle Economy & Sustainable Finance Lab. (2016). Master circular business with the value hill.

CIWM, 2014

CIWM. (2014). The Circular Economy : what does it mean for the waste and resource management sector? Retrieved from http://www.ciwm-journal.co.uk/downloads/CIWM_Circular_Economy_Report-FULL_FINAL_Oct_2014.pdf

Clavreul, Butnar, Rubio & King, 2017

Clavreul, Butnar, Rubio & King (2017) Intra- and inter-year variability of agricultural carbon footprints – A case study on field-grown tomatoes.

Copper 8, 2018

Copper 8. (2018). Circulair-Inkopen-in-8-stappen.

Ellen Macarthur Foundation, 2013a

Ellen Macarthur Foundation. (2013). Towards the Circular Economy: Economic and buisiness rationale for an accelerated transition.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2014

Ellen Macarthur Foundation. (2014). Towards the Circular Economy: Accelerating the scale-up accross global supply chains.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015a

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2015). Towards a circular economy: Business rationale for an accelerated transitions

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015b

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2015b). Growth within: a circular economy vision for a competitive Europe.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015c

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2015). Delivering the Circular Economy: A Toolkit for Policymakers.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2016

Ellen Macarthur Foundation. (2016). Intelligent Assets: Unlocking the Circular Economy Potential.

Ellen MacArtur Foundation, 2011

Ellen MacArtur Foundation. (2011) Re-thinking Progress: The Circular Economy.

ESA, 2012

ESA. (2013). Going for growth: A pratical route to a circular economy. Retrieved from http://www.esauk.org/esa_reports/Circular_Economy_Report_FINAL_High_Res_For_Release.pdf

European Commission, 2014

European Commission. (2014). Scoping study to identify potential circular economy actions , priority sectors, material flows and value chains. European Commission. https://doi.org/10.2779/29525

 

European Commission, 2016

European Comission. (2016). Closing the loop New circular economy package. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/index_en.htm

European Commission, 2019

Europese Commissie. (2019). Implementation of the Circular Economy Action Plan.

Genovese et al., 2017

Genovese, A., Acquaye, A. A., Figueroa, A., Koh, S.C. L., Sustainable supply chain management and the transition towards a circular economy: Evidence and some applications, Omega, Volume 66, Part B, 2017, Pages 344-357

Green Deal, 2018

Green Deal. (2018). Ruim € 100 miljoen aan circulaire inkoopkracht in nieuwe Green Deal Circulair Inkopen.

Groothuis. 2014

Groothuis, F. (2014). New Era. New Plan. Fiscal Reforms For An Inclusive, Circular Economy. Case Study the Netherlands. Austerlitz. Retrieved from http://www.ex-tax.com/files/4314/1693/7138/The_Extax_Project_New_Era_New_Plan_report.pdf

Het Groen Brein et al., 2017

Het Groene Brein, P+ People Planet Profit & Duurzaam Door. (2017). Barrières doorbreken.

Het Groene Brein, 2019

Het Groene Brein. (2019). Versnellingshuis Nederland circulair! gelanceerd

ING Economics Department, 2015

ING Economics department. (2015). Rethinking finance in a circular economy. Retrieved from https://www.ing.nl/media/ING_EZB_Financing-the-Circular-Economy_tcm162-84762.pdf

Jonker & Dentchev, 2013

Jonker, J., & Dentchev, N. (2013). Business Modeling for Sustainability: Identifying five modeling principles and demonstrating their role and function in an explorative case study. In Proceedings for the 8th Europen Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship: ECIE 2013. (pp. 340–346). Academic Conferences Limited.

 

Jonker, Tap, van Straaten. (2012)

Jonker, J., Tap, M., & Straaten, T. van. (2012). Nieuwe Business Modellen: E en exploratief onderzoek naar veranderende transacties die meervoudige waarde creëren (Duurzaam Organiseren). Nijmegen. Retrieved from http://www.degroenezaak.com/upload/documents/WP Nieuwe Business Modellen Jan Jonker e.a.pdf

Jordans, 2016
Jordans. (2016). Building a Collaborative Advantage within a Circular Economy: Inter-Organisational Resources and Capabilities of a Circular Value Chain.
Joyce, Paquin, & Pigneur, 2015

Joyce, Paquin, & Pigneur. (2015). The triple layered business model canvas: a tool to design more sustainable business models.

Kirchherr, Reike & Hekkert. 2017

Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. (2017). Resources , Conservation & Recycling Conceptualizing the circular economy : An analysis of 114 definitions, 127(April), 221–232. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005

Kjaer, Pigosso, Niero, Bech & McAloone, 2019

Kjaer, L., Pigosso, D., Niero, M., Bech, N., & McAloone, T. (2019). Product/Service-Systems for a Circular Economy: The Route to Decoupling Economic Growth from Resource Consumption? Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(1), 22-35.

Kok, Wurpel, & Ten Wolde. 2013

Kok, L., Wurpel, G., & Wolde, A. Ten. (2013). Unleashing the Power of the Circular Economy. Report by IMSA Amsterdam for Circle Economy. Retrieved from http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Unleashing+the+Power+of+the+Circular+Economy#2

Kok, Wurpel, & Ten Wolde. 2013

Kok., L., Wurpel, G. & Ten Wolde, A. (2013). Unleashing the Power of the Circular Economy. Report by IMSA Amsterdam for Circle Economy. Retrieved from http://mvonederland.nl/system/files/media/unleashing_the_power_of_the_circular_economy-circle_economy.pdf

Korhonen, Honkasalo, & Seppälä, 2018

Korhonen, J., Honkasalo, A., & Seppälä, J. (2018). Circular Economy: The Concept and its Limitations. Ecological Economics, 143, 37-46.

Korhonen, Nuur, Feldmann & Birkie, 2018

Korhonen, J., Nuur, C., Feldmann, A., & Birkie, S. (2018). Circular economy as an essentially contested concept. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 544-552.

Kraaijenhagen, Van Oppen & Bocken. 2016

Kraaijenhagen, C., Van Oppen, C., & Bocken, N. (2016). Circular Business – Collaborate and Circulate. (C. Bernasco & L. Goodchild-Van Hilten, Eds.) (1st ed.).

Leren voor Morgen, 2018

Leren voor Morgen. (2018). Curriculum.nu: Feedbackronde 3.

LogiCE platform, 2019

LogiCE platform. (2019). Logistiek in een circulaire economie.

Lüdeke-freund, 2009

Lüdeke-freund, F. (2009). Business Model Concepts in Corporate Sustainability Contexts: From Rhetoric to a Generic Template for’Business Models for Sustainability’. Centre for Sustainability

Manu, Ankrah, Hammond, Wood,Baffour-Awuah, & Hingorani. (2014).

Manu, E., Ankrah, N. A., Hammond, F., Wood, P., Baffour-Awuah, K., & Hingorani, N. (2014). The Valuation Tool User Guide: Monetizing Cradle to Cradle. C2C Bizz.

Mentink & Houben, 2014

Mentink, B., & Houben, T. (2014). Haalbaarheid Grondstoffenlabel.

Mentink, 2014

Mentink, B. (2014). Circular business Model Innovation. Technical University Delft.

Mentink, 2014

Mentink, B. (2014). Circular business Model Innovation. Technical University Delft.

Milgro, 2019

Milgro. (2019). Onderweg naar Zero Waste met Royal FloraHolland.

Ministerie van Economische Zaken. 2005

Ministerie van Economische Zaken. (2005). Overheid als launching customer: Van best practice naar common practice.

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, 2019

Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2019). Toekomstgericht curriculum.

Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, 2018

Ministerie voor Infrastructuur en Waterstaat. (2018). Kamerbrief met kabinetsreactie op de transitieagenda’s circulaire economie.

MVO Nederland, 2014

MVO Nederland. (2014). Wegwijzer Circulair inkopen. Retrieved from http://mvonederland.nl/wegwijzer-circulair-inkopen-0#tab=pane-title-step-1

Nasir et al., 2017

Nasir, M.H.A., Genovese, A., Acquaye, A.A., Koh, S.C.L., Yamoah, F., Comparing linear and circular supply chains: A case study from the construction industry, International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 183, Part B, 2017, Pages 443-457.

OPAi, & MVO Nederland, 2004

OPAi, & MVO Nederland. (2004). Ondernemen in de circulaire economie “nieuwe verdienmodellen voor bedrijven en ondernemers.”

Osterwalder, Pigneur, & Tucci. 2005

Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., & Tucci, C. . (2005). Clarifying business models: Origins, present, and future of the concept. Communications of the …, 15(May). Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3016&context=cais

Padding, Croon, Haastrecht, & Dijkstra, 2015

Padding, T., Croon, G., Haastrecht, D. Van, & Dijkstra, R. (2015). Een kader voor circulair inkopen. Retrieved from https://www.pianoo.nl/sites/default/files/documents/documents/kadercirculairinkopen-20april2015.pdf

PBL, 2017

PBL. (2017). Fiscale vergroening: belastingverschuiving van arbeid naar grondstoffen, materialen en afval.

PBL, 2018a

PBL. (2018a). Circulaire economie: wat we willen weten en kunnen meten.

PBL, 2019a

PBL. (2019a). Opportunities for a circular economy.

PBL, 2019b

PBL. (2019b). Circulaire economie in kaart.

Peelpioneers, 2019

Peelpioneers. (2019). About the company. Website.

PianOo, 2012

PianOo. (2012). Cradle to Cradle inkopen? Hoe doe je dat in de praktijk? Leerresultaten van een groep inkopers.

PIANOo, 2016

PIANOo. (2016). Het inkoopvolume van de Nederlandse overheid.

PIANOo, 2018

PIANOo. (2018). Circulair inkopen in 8 stappen.

Pianoo, 2019

Pianoo. (2019). De overheid als launching customer.

Plan C, 2013

Plan C (2013), Business Model Innovation Grid, http://www.plan-c.eu/bmix/

Plastic Pact, 2019

Plastic Pact. (2019). Plastic Pact NL koplopers gaan voor meer met minder plastic in de circulaire economie.

Poppelaars, 2014

Poppelaars, F. (2014). Designing for a circular Economy: The conceptual design of a circular mobile device. Schmidt MacArthur fellowship.

Preston, 2012

Preston, F. (2012). briefing paper A Global Redesign ? Shaping the Circular Economy. Retrieved from https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Research/Energy, Environment and Development/bp0312_preston.pdf

Renswoude, van , Wolde, ten & Joustra. 2015.

Renswoude K. van , Wolde, A. ten, & Joustra, D. J. (2015). Circular Business Models.

Rijksoverheid (2014b)

Van Afval Naar Grondstof

Rijksoverheid, 2014

Rijksoverheid. (2014). Van Afval Naar Grondstof – Uitwerking van acht operationele doelstellingen. Retrieved from https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/rapporten/2014/01/28/van-afval-naar-grondstof-uitwerking-van-acht-operationele-doelstellingen

Rijksoverheid, 2019

Rijksoverheid. (2019). Ruimte in Regels.

Rizos, Behrens, Kafyeke, Hirschnitz-Garbers, & Joannou. 2015

Rizos, V., Behrens, A., Kafyeke, T., Hirschnitz-garbers, M., & Ioannou, A. (2015). The Circular Economy : Barriers and Opportunities for SMEs, Centre for European Policy Studies.

Romero-Hernández & Romero, 2018

Romero-Hernández & Romero (2018) Maximizing the value of waste: From waste management to the circular economy.

Rood, & Hanemaaijer. 2014

Rood, T., & Hanemaaijer, A. (2014). Reflectie op Van Afval Naar Grondstof ( VANG ).

RSA, 2013

RSA. (2013). Investigating the role of design in the circular economy. Retrieved from http://www.greatrecovery.org.uk/resources/the-great-recovery-report/

RVO (2014)

INTERREG

RVO, 2016

RVO. (2016). Factsheet Eurostars-2. Retrieved from https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2016/01/Factsheet Eurostars.pdf

RWM, 2014

RWM. (2014). EVER-DECREASING CIRCLES: closing in on the circle economy. Retrieved from http://www.rwmexhibition.com/files/rwm14_ambassadors_doc.pdf

Sociaal-economische Raad (SER), 2016

Sociaal-economische Raad (SER). (2016). Werken aan een circulaire economie : geen tijd te verliezen. Retrieved from https://www.ser.nl/~/media/db_adviezen/2010_2019/2016/circulaire-economie.ashx

Stahel, 2010

Stahel, W. (2010). The Performance Economy (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/view/10.1057/9780230274907

Supply Value, 2016

Supply Value. (2016). Afval bestaat niet! – Een onderzoek naar de knelpunten en succesfactoren bij het toepassen van circulair inkopen in de praktijk.

Teece, 2010

Teece, D. J. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning, 43(2–3), 172–194.

The Terrace, 2011

The Terrace. (2011). Cradle to cradle Loont! Chart. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849772709

Themakring Cradle-to-cradle

Themakring Cradle-to-cradle,  (2012). Cradle to Cradle inkopen? Hoe doe je dat in de praktijk? Leerresultaten van een groep inkopers. PianOo

Van Eijk, 2015

Van Eijk, F. (2015). Barriers & Drivers towards a Circular Economy.

Van Veldhoven, 2018

Van Veldhoven. (2018). Kamerbrief met kabinetsreactie op de transitieagenda’s circulaire economie.

VANG, 2016

VANG (2016). Voortgangsrapportage van afval naar Grondstof.

Vermeulen, W. J. V, Witjes, & Reike, (2014)

Vermeulen, W. J. V, Witjes, I. S., & Reike, D. (2014). Advies over een Raamwerk voor Impactmeting voor Circulair Inkopen, (SEPTEMBER 2014), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2270.2086

VNO-NCW, 2019

VNO-NCW. (2019) Versnellingshuis laat circulaire economie vliegen.

Walmart, 2017

Walmart. (2017). Toward a zero waste future.

Working Group Finance, 2016

Working Group FinanCE. (2016). Money makes the World Go Round: and wil it help to make the economy circular as well? Retrieved from https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/ce100/FinanCE.pdf

Working Group FinanCE. 2016

Working Group FinanCE. (2016). Money makes the World Go Round: and wil it help to make the economy circular as well? Retrieved from http://sustainablefinancelab.nl/files/2016/04/FinanCE-Digital.pdf

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